Menene ma'aunin sha na capacitors na fim yake nufi? Shin ƙanƙanta ne, shin ya fi kyau?

Kafin mu gabatar da ma'aunin sha na capacitors na fim, bari mu dubi menene dielectric, rarrabuwar dielectric da kuma yanayin sha na capacitor.

Dielectric

Dielectric abu ne da ba ya da wutar lantarki, wato, mai hana ruwa shiga, ba tare da caji na ciki da zai iya motsawa ba. Idan aka sanya dielectric a cikin filin lantarki, electrons da nuclei na atoms na dielectric suna yin "ƙaura ta hanyar microscopic" a cikin kewayon atomic a ƙarƙashin aikin ƙarfin filin lantarki, amma ba "motsi na macroscopic" daga atom ɗin da suke ciki ba, kamar electrons kyauta a cikin mai gudanarwa. Lokacin da aka isa daidaiton electrostatic, ƙarfin filin da ke cikin dielectric ba sifili bane. Wannan shine babban bambanci tsakanin halayen lantarki na dielectrics da masu gudanarwa.

Rarrabawar Dielectric

A ƙarƙashin aikin filin lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi, wani lokacin dipole na macroscopic yana bayyana a cikin dielectric tare da alkiblar filin lantarki, kuma caji mai ɗaure ya bayyana akan saman dielectric, wanda shine polarization na dielectric.

Abin da ke haifar da shan ruwa

Lalacewar lokaci a cikin tsarin caji da fitarwa na capacitor wanda ke faruwa sakamakon jinkirin rabuwar dielectric a ƙarƙashin aikin filin lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi. Fahimtar gama gari ita ce ana buƙatar capacitor ya cika cikakken caji nan da nan, amma ba a cika shi nan da nan ba; ana buƙatar capacitor ya saki cajin gaba ɗaya, amma ba a sake shi ba, kuma lalacewar lokaci yana faruwa.

Ma'aunin sha na capacitor na fim

Darajar da aka yi amfani da ita wajen bayyana yanayin shaye-shaye na dielectric na capacitors na fim ana kiranta da coefficient na shaye-shaye, kuma Ka yana ambaton ta. Tasirin shaye-shaye na dielectric na capacitors na fim yana ƙayyade halayen ƙarancin mitoci na capacitors, kuma ƙimar Ka ta bambanta sosai ga capacitors na dielectric daban-daban. Sakamakon aunawa ya bambanta ga tsawon gwaji daban-daban na capacitor ɗaya; ƙimar Ka kuma ta bambanta ga capacitors na takamaiman bayani ɗaya, masana'antun daban-daban, da kuma rukuni daban-daban.

Don haka akwai tambayoyi biyu yanzu-

T1. Shin yawan sha na capacitors na fim ɗin ya yi ƙanƙanta gwargwadon yiwuwa?

T2. Menene illar da babban ma'aunin sha ke haifarwa?

A1:

A ƙarƙashin aikin filin lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi: ƙaramin Ka (ƙaramin ma'aunin sha) → raunin polarization na dielectric (watau insulator) → ƙarancin ƙarfin ɗaurewa akan saman dielectric → ƙaramin ƙarfin ɗaurewa na dielectric akan jan caji → raunin yanayin sha na capacitor → capacitor yana caji da fitarwa da sauri. Yanayin da ya dace: Ka shine 0, watau ma'aunin sha shine 0, dielectric (watau insulator) ba shi da wani abin da ke faruwa a ƙarƙashin aikin filin lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi, saman dielectric ba shi da ƙarfin ɗaurewa na jan hankali akan cajin, kuma cajin capacitor da amsawar fitarwa ba su da hysteresis. Saboda haka, ma'aunin sha na capacitor fim ɗin shine mafi ƙanƙanta, mafi kyau.

A2:

Tasirin capacitor mai girman ƙima na Ka akan da'irori daban-daban yana bayyana kansa ta hanyoyi daban-daban, kamar haka.

1) Da'irori daban-daban suna zama da'irori masu haɗin kai

2) Da'irar Sawtooth tana haifar da ƙaruwar dawowar raƙuman sawtooth, don haka da'irar ba za ta iya murmurewa da sauri ba

3) Masu iyakancewa, maƙallan, kunkuntar bugun jini na jujjuyawar yanayin fitowar raƙuman ruwa

4) Matsakaicin lokaci na matatar laushi mai ƙarancin mita yana ƙaruwa

(5) Amplifier DC sifili maki ya rikice, tafiyar hanya ɗaya

6) Daidaiton da'irar ɗaukar samfur da riƙewa yana raguwa

7) Tafiyar wurin aiki na DC na amplifier mai layi

8) Ƙara yawan walƙiya a cikin da'irar samar da wutar lantarki

Duk aikin da aka ambata a sama na tasirin shaƙar dielectric ba zai iya rabuwa da ainihin "inertia" na capacitor ba, wato, a cikin takamaiman lokacin ba a cajin caji zuwa ƙimar da ake tsammani, kuma fitarwar akasin haka ma haka lamarin yake.

Juriyar rufin (ko kwararar ruwa) na capacitor mai ƙimar Ka mafi girma ya bambanta da na capacitor mai kyau (Ka=0) domin yana ƙaruwa da tsawon lokacin gwaji (ƙarfin zubar da ruwa yana raguwa). Lokacin gwaji na yanzu da aka ƙayyade a China minti ɗaya ne.